Avian Influenza: Symptoms, Risks, and What You Need to Know About the Disease

The avian influenza caused by the H5N1 influenza virus has once again raised concerns among authorities after the first case was confirmed on a commercial farm in Brazil. This virus, first discovered in China in 1996, can infect birds, mammals, and humans. In humans, infection mainly occurs through direct contact with infected animals, and so far, there have been no confirmed cases of direct human-to-human transmission. Symptoms range from mild symptoms like conjunctivitis, moderate fever, cough, and sore throat to severe symptoms like high fever, difficulty breathing, and organ failure. Avian influenza can lead to pneumonia, respiratory failure, and multi-organ failure, increasing the risk of death. The mortality rate in humans is high, at around 48 percent, significantly higher than that of Covid-19. Transmission in birds occurs through direct contact or contaminated water, while in humans, the virus can be transmitted through respiratory droplets or contact with contaminated surfaces. Treatment includes antiviral drugs like Oseltamivir and medical care to control symptoms. Despite the risk, human cases still occur sporadically and are associated with animal contact. Experts warn of possible mutations that could facilitate human-to-human transmission and potentially turn avian influenza into a pandemic. Therefore, vigilance and vaccine development are essential.